By Lee Walpole on
Our editorial method
Science can be exciting without being certain. For every study we cite, we look at what it actually tested, who funded it and what it leaves unanswered. Then we put it into plain English.
We keep findings and limitations together, so a promising result never appears without the reasons it might not apply to your dog. We never invent results, reviews or veterinary endorsements.
Species and study-type labels
Dogs, not assumptions. Studies in dogs are the most relevant starting point. Small samples, study design and the exact formulation still matter, so a canine study of one preparation does not speak for every product.
Interesting isn’t established. Laboratory findings and studies in other species can generate questions. They do not demonstrate a benefit for your dog. That is why every source we list carries a label naming the species and the type of study, such as a canine clinical study, preclinical pharmacokinetics or US regulatory guidance.
How sources are checked
We link to original papers and official documents: peer-reviewed studies on PubMed and PMC, and FDA guidance. We record the species, the measure and the funding of each study we cite, and we explain its limitations next to its findings.
We do not claim veterinary review where none has taken place. No page has yet been independently reviewed by a veterinarian; veterinary review of the formula and the ingredient claims happens before anything is sold.
How pages are updated
We date our content. Every evidence page shows a byline and a “Sources checked” date. It is an editorial source-check date, not a medical review.
When a study, a regulatory position or our reading of it changes, we update the page and its date together. We do not move a date forward without checking the sources again.
Sources
- Dobenecker et al. (2024): specific collagen peptides in 31 dogs Canine clinical study
- Simpson et al. (2023): hydrolyzed fish diets in dogs Canine diet trial
- He et al. (2022): BPC-157 pharmacokinetics in rats and dogs Preclinical pharmacokinetics
- FDA: Unapproved animal drugs US regulatory guidance
- FDA: Regulation of pet food US regulatory guidance
Educational information, not veterinary advice. Each sachet is pre-measured; follow the serving guide on the pack and speak with your veterinarian before changing your dog's care.